What Is Accounting?
Accounting is the process of recording financial transactions relating to a business. The accounting process includes summarizing, analyzing, and reporting these transactions to supervision committees, officials, and tax collection bodies. The financial statements used in accounting are a summary of financial transactions over an accounting period, summarizing a company’s operations, financial position, and cash flows.
Bill
A bill is an invoice received from a supplier, on which the supplier states the amount owed by the recipient. This is the primary source document for trade payables.
Invoice
An invoice, bill or tab is a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer, relating to a sale transaction and indicating the products, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller had provided the buyer. Payment terms are usually stated on the invoice.
Daybook
Daybook is a book of original entry in which an accountant records transactions by date, as they occur. This information is later transferred into a ledger, from which the information is summarized into a set of financial statements.
Ledger
A ledger is a book or collection of accounts in which account transactions are recorded.
Journal
Journals are prime entry books and may also be referred to as books of original entry, from when transactions were written in a journal before they were manually posted to accounts in the general ledger.
Accounting Equation
- Assets =Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
- Assets =Liabilities + Income-Expenses
- Assets + Expenses =Liabilities + Income
Assets | Equal | Liabilities | Plus | Members’ Equity | Total |
150,000 | = | 100,000 | + | 50,000 | 150,000 |
Explanation
Assets + Expenses | Equal | Liabilities + Profit | Income | Total | |
*Land | 50,000 | = | Loan | 100,000 | 100,000 |
*Receivable | 50,000 | = | Payable | 20,000 | 20,000 |
*Cash/Bank | 40,000 | = | |||
*Utilities Bill Payable | 10,000 | = | Profit | 30,000 | 30,000 |
Total | 150,000 | = | 150,000 |
Rules of Debit/Credit
Accounts | Debit | Credit |
Assets (+) | ü | |
Liability (+) | ü | |
Expenses (+) | ü | |
Income (+) | ü |